…the capital of Austria, in the northeastern part of the country on the Danube River; population 1,661,206 (2006). From 1278 to 1918 it was the seat of the Habsburgs and has long been a center of the arts, especially music. Mozart, Beethoven, and the Strauss family were among the composers who lived and worked there…
…an international conference held 1814–15 to agree upon the settlement of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. The guiding principle of the settlement was the restoration and strengthening of hereditary and sometimes despotic rulers; the result was a political stability that lasted for three or four decades…
…a group of empiricist philosophers, scientists, and mathematicians active in Vienna from the 1920s until 1938, including Rudolf Carnap and Kurt Gödel. Their work laid the foundations of logical positivism…
…a radical movement involving groups of avant-garde German and Austrian artists who, from 1892, organized exhibitions independently of the traditional academies. The Vienna Secession founded by Gustav Klimt in 1897 helped to launch the Jugendstil…
