pentobarbital Syllabification: (pen·to·bar·bi·tal)Pronunciation: /ˌpentəˈbärbiˌtäl, -ˌtôl/Definition of pentobarbital noun Medicine a narcotic and sedative barbiturate drug formerly used to relieve insomnia. Alternative name: 5-ethyl-5-(1-methylbutyl)-barbituric acid; often used as the sodium salt ( sodium pentobarbitone, Nembutal) Origin: 1930s: from pentane + barbital(or barbitone)pentobarbital in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of pentobarbital in the British & World English dictionary