oligodendrocyte Syllabification: (ol·i·go·den·dro·cyte)Pronunciation: /ˌäligōˈdendrəˌsīt/Definition of oligodendrocyte noun Anatomy a glial cell similar to an astrocyte but with fewer protuberances, concerned with the production of myelin in the central nervous system. Origin: 1930s: from oligodendroglia + -cyteoligodendrocyte in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of oligodendrocyte in the British & World English dictionary