chloramphenicol Syllabification: (chlo·ram·phen·i·col)Pronunciation: /ˌklôrˌamˈfenəˌkôl, -ˌkōl/Definition of chloramphenicol noun Medicine an antibiotic used against serious infections such as typhoid fever. This antibiotic is obtained from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae or produced synthetically Origin: 1940s: from chloro-(representing chlorine) + am(ide) + pheno- + ni(tro-) + (gly)colchloramphenicol in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of chloramphenicol in the British & World English dictionary