Providence Syllabification: (Prov·i·dence)Pronunciation: /ˈprävəˌdens, -dəns/Definition of Providence the capital of Rhode Island, a port near the mouth of the Providence River, on the Atlantic coast; population 171,557 (est. 2008). It was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams (1604–83) as a haven for religious dissenters. Providence in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of Providence in the British & World English dictionary