Aristarchus1 Syllabification: (Ar·is·tar·chus)Pronunciation: /ˌarəˈstärkəs/Definition of Aristarchus (3rd century bc), Greek astronomer; known as Aristarchus of Samos. Founder of an important school of Hellenic astronomy, he was aware of the rotation of the earth around the sun and so was able to account for the seasons. Aristarchus in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of Aristarchus in the British & World English dictionary