by

A. prep.

• 1 (near, beside) an (+ Dat.); bei; (next to) neben by the window/river = am Fenster/Fluss

• 2 (to position beside) zu

• 3 (about, in the possession of) bei

• 4[all] by herself/himself etc. = [ganz] allein[e]

• 5 (along) entlang; (via) über (+ Akk.)

• 6 (passing) vorbei an (+ Dat.)

• 7 (during) bei by day/night = bei Tag/Nacht

• 8 (through the agency of) von written by … = geschrieben von …

• 9 (through the means of) durch by bus/ship etc. = mit dem Bus/Schiff usw. by air/sea = mit dem Flugzeug/Schiff

• 10 (not later than) bis by now/this time = inzwischen

• 11 (indicating unit) pro by the minute/hour = pro Minute/Stunde day by day/month by month = Tag für Tag/Monat für Monat 10 ft. by 20 ft. = 10 [Fuß] mal 20 Fuß

• 12 (indicating amount) one by one = einzeln two by two/three by three = zu zweit/dritt

• 13 (indicating factor) durch 8 divided by 2 is 4 = 8 geteilt durch 2 ist 4

• 14 (indicating extent) um wider by a foot = um einen Fuß breiter

• 15 (according to) nach

B. adv.

• 1 (past) vorbei

• 2 (near) close/near by = in der Nähe

• 3by and large = im Großen und Ganzen