the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one metre in the direction of action of the force, equivalent to one 3600th of a watt-hour
(1818–89), English physicist. Joule established that all forms of energy were interchangeable—the first law of thermodynamics. The Joule-Thomson effect, discovered with William Thomson, later Lord Kelvin, in 1852, led to the development of the refrigerator and to the science of cryogenics. Joule also measured and described the heating effects of an electric current passing through a resistance
the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one metre in the direction of action of the force, equivalent to one 3600th of a watt-hour
the heating that occurs when an electric current flows through a resistance
a law stating that the heat produced by an electric current i flowing through a resistance R for a time t is proportional to i2Rt
the change of temperature of a gas when it is allowed to expand without doing any external work. The gas becomes cooler if it was initially below a certain temperature (the inversion temperature), or hotter if initially above it