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R (also r)1 British & World English

the eighteenth letter of the alphabet

DVD+R British & World English

a blank DVD on which data, including music and movies, can be permanently recorded and read using the DVD+R format

r in correlation coefficient British & World English

a number between +1 and −1 calculated so as to represent the linear interdependence of two variables or sets of data

R in gas constant (Symbol: R) British & World English

the constant of proportionality in the gas equation. It is equal to 8.314 joule kelvin−1 mole−1

r in R (also r)1 British & World English

the eighteenth letter of the alphabet

R in roentgen (also röntgen) British & World English

a unit of ionizing radiation, the amount producing one electrostatic unit of positive or negative ionic charge in one cubic centimetre of air under standard conditions

R. in R2 British & World English

River (chiefly on maps)

R & R British & World English

rest and recreation

CD-R British & World English

a blank compact disc which can be recorded on once only

A & R British & World English

artist(s) and repertoire (or recording), used to denote employees of a record company who select and sign new artists

DVD-R British & World English

a DVD which can be recorded on once only

Ker(r in kerria British & World English

an East Asian shrub of the rose family, which is cultivated for its yellow flowers, especially as the double-flowered variety

R & D British & World English

research and development

R-value British & World English

the capacity of an insulating material to resist heat flow. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating power

Firth, J. R. British & World English

(1890–1960), English linguist; full name John Rupert Firth. Firth was noted for his contributions to linguistic semantics and prosodic phonology and for his insistence on studying both speech sounds and words in context. He was a major influence on the development of systemic grammar

James, M. R. British & World English

(1862–1936), English scholar and writer of ghost stories; full name Montague Rhodes James. He is noted for eerie tales collected in such volumes as Ghost Stories of an Antiquary (1904)

Laing, R. D. British & World English

(1927–89), Scottish psychiatrist; full name Ronald David Laing. He became famous for his controversial views on madness and in particular on schizophrenia, linking what society calls insanity with politics and family structure

the R months in R (also r)1 British & World English

the months with R in their names (September to April), considered to be the season for eating oysters

R's in R (also r)1 British & World English

the eighteenth letter of the alphabet

Bennett, R. B. British & World English

(1870–1947), Canadian Conservative statesman; prime minister 1930–35; full name Richard Bedford Bennett

Leavis, F. R. British & World English

(1895–1978), English literary critic; full name Frank Raymond Leavis. Founder and editor of the quarterly Scrutiny (1932–53), he emphasized the value of critical study of English literature to preserving cultural continuity. Notable works: The Great Tradition (1948)

Narayan, R. K. British & World English

(1906–2001), Indian novelist and short-story writer; full name Rasipuram Krishnaswamy Narayan. His best-known novels are set in an imaginary small Indian town, and portray its inhabitants in an affectionate yet ironic manner; they include Swami and Friends (1935) and The Man-Eater of Malgudi (1961)

Tolkien, J. R. R. British & World English

(1892–1973), British novelist and literary scholar, born in South Africa; full name John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. He is famous for the fantasy adventures The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-5), set in Middle Earth

Ballantyne, R. M. British & World English

(1825–94), Scottish author; full name Robert Michael Ballantyne. He wrote acclaimed adventure stories, such as The Coral Island (1857)

Blackmore, R. D. British & World English

(1825–1900), English novelist and poet; full name Richard Doddridge Blackmore. He is known for his romantic novel Lorna Doone (1869), set on 17th-century Exmoor

James, C. L. R. British & World English

(1901–89), Trinidadian historian, journalist, political theorist, and novelist; full name Cyril Lionel Robert James. After working as a cricket columnist he established a reputation as a historian with his study of the Haitian revolution, Black Jacobins (1938)

Mitchell, R. J. British & World English

(1895–1937), English aeronautical engineer; full name Reginald Joseph Mitchell. He designed the Spitfire fighter aircraft

Murrow, Edward R. British & World English

(1908–65), US journalist; born Egbert Roscoe Murrow. He broadcast from London during the Blitz of World War II, ending each program with “Good night, and good luck.” He later created the radio series Hear It Now (1950–51) and the television series See It Now (1951–58). He was also well known for his television interview series Person to Person (1953–59)

Narayanan, K. R. British & World English

(1920–2005), Indian statesman, President 1997–2002; full name Kocheril Raman Narayanan. A member of the Congress party, Narayanan served as Vice President 1992-7

Hewlett, William R. British & World English

(1913–2001), US electrical engineer, inventor, and businessman; full name William Reddington Hewlett. He invented an audio oscillator and with David Packard (1912–96) cofounded the Hewlett-Packard Company in 1939

Williams, J. P. R. British & World English

(b.1949), Welsh rugby union player; full name John Peter Rhys Williams. One of the leading full backs of the 1970s, Williams played for his country and for the British Lions

R & B in rhythm and blues (abbreviation: R & B) British & World English

a form of popular music of US black origin which arose during the 1940s from blues, with the addition of driving rhythms taken from jazz. It was an immediate precursor of rock and roll

Fuller, R. Buckminster British & World English

(1895–1983), American designer and architect; full name Richard Buckminster Fuller. He is best known for his invention of the geodesic dome and for his ideals of using the world’s resources with maximum purpose and least waste

R. lutea in mignonette British & World English

a herbaceous plant with spikes of small fragrant greenish flowers

R. regia in royal palm British & World English

a New World palm which is widely cultivated as an avenue tree

R. canina in dog rose British & World English

a delicately scented Eurasian wild rose with pink or white flowers, which commonly grows in hedgerows

R. lancea in karree (also karee) British & World English

an evergreen African tree related to sumac, with willow-like foliage and useful timber

R. solani in rhizoctonia British & World English

a common soil fungus that sometimes causes plant diseases such as damping off, foot rot, and eyespot

R. lingua in spearwort British & World English

a European buttercup of marshes and ditches, with thick hollow stems and long, narrow spear-shaped leaves

R. avosetta in avocet British & World English

a long-legged wading bird with a slender upturned bill and strikingly patterned plumage

R. damascena in Bourbon2 British & World English

a rose of a variety which flowers over a long period and has a rich scent. It arose as a natural hybrid on the island of Réunion (formerly Île de Bourbon) and was introduced into Europe in the early 19th century

R. tigrina in bullfrog British & World English

a very large frog which has a deep booming croak and is often a predator of smaller vertebrates

R. aquatilis in crowfoot British & World English

a herbaceous plant related to the buttercups, typically having lobed or divided leaves and white or yellow flowers. Many kinds are aquatic with flowers held above the water

R. satrapa in kinglet British & World English

a very small warbler of a group that includes the goldcrest, having an orange or yellow crown