…(circa 1639–76), chief of the Wampanoag Indians, son of Massasoit; Indian name Metacomet. From 1675, he waged King Philip’s War on the New England colonists because they had taken some of his land and had killed three of his warriors. His defeat and death in battle in effect ended Indian resistance in New England…
… Duke of Edinburgh (b.1921), husband of Elizabeth II. The son of Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, he married Princess Elizabeth in 1947; on the eve of his marriage he was created Duke of Edinburgh…
…an Apostle. He is commemorated with St James the Less on 1 May…
…deacon of the early Christian Church; known as St Philip the Evangelist. He was one of seven deacons appointed to superintend the secular business of the Church at Jerusalem (Acts 6:5-6). Feast day, 6 June…
…Jewish preacher and prophet, a contemporary of Jesus. In circa 27 ad he preached and baptized on the banks of the River Jordan. Among those whom he baptized was Christ. He was beheaded by Herod Antipas after denouncing the latter’s marriage to Herodias, the wife of Herod’s brother Philip (Matt. 14:1-12). Feast day, 24 June…
…(b.1933), American novelist and short-story writer; full name Philip Milton Roth. He often writes about the complexity and diversity of contemporary American Jewish life. Notable works: Portnoy’s Complaint (1969)…
…(b.1937), American composer, a leading minimalist. Notable works: Einstein on the Beach (opera, 1976), Glass Pieces (ballet, 1982), and Low Symphony (1993)…
…(1922–85), English poet; full name Philip Arthur Larkin. His poetry is characterized by an air of melancholy and bitterness, and by stoic wit. Notable works: The Whitsun Weddings (1964) and High Windows (1974)…
…(1906–2005), US architect and writer; full name Philip Courtelyou Johnson. He designed many buildings in New York City, including the AT&T headquarters building (now the Sony building) and the Bobst Library at New York University. He co-authored The International Style (1932)…
…(b.1946), English author. He is known particularly for his fantasy trilogy for young people His Dark Materials (1996–2001)…
…(1583–1640), English dramatist. Notable works: The Duke of Milan (1621-2), A New Way to Pay Old Debts (1625-6), and The City Madam (1632)…
…(1554–86), English poet, courtier, and soldier. His best-known work is Arcadia (published posthumously in 1590), a pastoral prose romance including poems in a wide variety of verse forms…
…(1854–1932), American composer and conductor. His works include more than a hundred marches, for example The Stars and Stripes…
…(1757–1823), English actor-manager, brother of Sarah Siddons. Noted for his performances in Shakespearean tragedy, he was manager of Drury Lane (1788–1803) and Covent Garden (1803–17) theatres. His younger brother Charles Kemble (1775–1854) was also a successful actor-manager…
…(1675–77) the first large-scale military action in the American colonies, pitting various Indian tribes against New England colonists and their Indian allies. Marked by heavy slaughters on both sides (including killings of women and children), the war cost thousands of lives…
…(1889–1979), US labor and civil rights leader; full name Asa Philip Randolph. Believing that unions would benefit African Americans, he founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1928 and served as its president until 1968. He was a major organizer of the 1941 and 1963 marches on Washington…
…(b.1923), American physicist. He made contributions to the study of solid-state physics, investigating magnetism and superconductivity. Research on molecular interactions has also been facilitated by his work on the spectroscopy of gases. Nobel Prize for Physics (1977)…
…(1832–1901), US industrialist. He reorganized his brother Herman’s grain commission house into the Armour & Co. meatpacking company in 1870…
…(1831–88) US army officer. A severe and effective Union cavalry commander in the Civil War, he was noted for his decisive victories and plundering raids. In April 1865, he cut off the Confederate retreat at Appomattox, forcing the surrender of General Lee. In 1884, he became commander in chief of the US army…
…(1783–1841), US Supreme Court associate justice 1836–41. He also served in Congress as a representative from Virginia 1814–25, 1827–30…
…Philip V (238–179 bc), reigned 221–179. His expansionist policies led to a series of confrontations with Rome, culminating in his defeat and his resultant loss of control over Greece…
…Philip V (1293–1322), reigned 1316–22; known as Philip the Tall…
…Philip I (1478–1506), reigned 1504-6; known as Philip the Handsome. Son of the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I, in 1496 Philip married the infanta Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. After Isabella’s death he ruled Castile jointly with Joanna, establishing the Habsburgs as the ruling dynasty in Spain…
…Philip V (1683–1746), grandson of Louis XIV, reigned 1700–24 and 1724–46. His selection as successor to Charles II, and Louis XIV’s insistence that he remain an heir to the French throne, gave rise to the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14). In 1724 Philip abdicated in favour of his son Louis I, but returned to the throne following Louis’s death…
…Philip II (382–336 bc), father of Alexander the Great, reigned 359–336; known as Philip II of Macedon. He unified and expanded ancient Macedonia as well as carrying out a number of army reforms. His victory over Athens and Thebes at the battle of Chaeronea in 338 established his hegemony over Greece…
…Philip II (1165–1223), son of Louis VII, reigned 1180–1223; known as Philip Augustus. After mounting a series of campaigns against the English kings Henry II, Richard I, and John, Philip succeeded in regaining Normandy (1204), Anjou (1204), and most of Poitou (1204-5)…
…Philip IV (1268–1314), son of Philip III, reigned 1285–1314; known as Philip the Fair. He continued to extend French dominions, waging wars with England (1294–1303) and Flanders (1302-5)…
…Philip VI (1293–1350), reigned 1328–50; known as Philip of Valois. The founder of the Valois dynasty, Philip came to the throne on the death of Charles IV, whose only child was a girl and barred from ruling. His claim was challenged by Edward III of England; the dispute developed into the Hundred Years War…
…Philip II (1527–98), son of Charles I, reigned 1556–98. Philip came to the throne following his father’s abdication. His reign was dominated by an anti-Protestant crusade which exhausted the Spanish economy. His Armada against England (1588) ended in defeat…
…Philip III (1245–85), reigned 1270–85; known as Philip the Bold…
…Philip II (1165–1223), son of Louis VII, reigned 1180–1223; known as Philip Augustus. After mounting a series of campaigns against the English kings Henry II, Richard I, and John, Philip succeeded in regaining Normandy (1204), Anjou (1204), and most of Poitou (1204-5)…
…(1907–70), US labor leader; full name Walter Philip Reuther. He was president of the United Automobile Workers 1946–70 and of the Congress of Industrial Organizations from 1952 until 1955 when it merged with the American Federation of Labor…
…Philip III (1245–85), reigned 1270–85; known as Philip the Bold…
…Philip IV (1268–1314), son of Philip III, reigned 1285–1314; known as Philip the Fair. He continued to extend French dominions, waging wars with England (1294–1303) and Flanders (1302-5)…
…Philip V (1293–1322), reigned 1316–22; known as Philip the Tall…
…(1847–1929), British Liberal statesman, Prime Minister 1894-5; born Archibald Philip Primrose…
…Philip VI (1293–1350), reigned 1328–50; known as Philip of Valois. The founder of the Valois dynasty, Philip came to the throne on the death of Charles IV, whose only child was a girl and barred from ruling. His claim was challenged by Edward III of England; the dispute developed into the Hundred Years War…
…Philip I (1478–1506), reigned 1504-6; known as Philip the Handsome. Son of the Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I, in 1496 Philip married the infanta Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile. After Isabella’s death he ruled Castile jointly with Joanna, establishing the Habsburgs as the ruling dynasty in Spain…
…(1889–1979), US labor and civil rights leader; full name Asa Philip Randolph. Believing that unions would benefit African Americans, he founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters in 1928 and served as its president until 1968. He was a major organizer of the 1941 and 1963 marches on Washington…
…(b.1933), American novelist and short-story writer; full name Philip Milton Roth. He often writes about the complexity and diversity of contemporary American Jewish life. Notable works: Portnoy’s Complaint (1969)…
…(b.1936), American painter, an important figure in minimalism known chiefly for his series of all-black paintings; full name Frank Philip Stella…
…(b.1943), English rock singer and songwriter; full name Michael Philip Jagger. He formed the Rolling Stones circa 1962 with guitarist Keith Richards (b.1943), a childhood friend…
…(1922–85), English poet; full name Philip Arthur Larkin. His poetry is characterized by an air of melancholy and bitterness, and by stoic wit. Notable works: The Whitsun Weddings (1964) and High Windows (1974)…
