…the name of six kings of England and also one of Great Britain and Ireland and one of the United Kingdom:…
…a lake on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire), linked to Lake Albert by the Semliki River…
… Edward Antony Richard Louis, Earl of Wessex (b.1964), third son of Elizabeth II. He married Sophie Rhys-Jones (b.1965) in 1999…
…(b.1934), English dramatist. Many of his plays are marked by scenes of violence and cruelty. Notable works: Saved (1965) and Lear (1971)…
…an oval potato of a variety with a white skin mottled with red…
…(1812–88), English humorist and illustrator. He wrote A Book of Nonsense (1845) and Laughable Lyrics (1877). He also published illustrations of birds and of his travels around the Mediterranean…
…(1919-), US lawyer and politician; Edward William Brooke III. A Republican senator from Massachusetts 1967–79, he was the first African-American senator popularly elected to the US Senate. He was awarded the Spingarn Medal in 1967…
…(1905–76), English painter, noted for his low-life subjects, as in Harlem (1934), and the bizarre and fantastic, as in Dancing Skeletons (1934)…
…(1737–94), English historian. He is best known for his multi-volume work The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776–88), chapters of which aroused controversy for their critical account of the spread of Christianity…
…(1882–1967), American realist painter. He is best known for his mature works, such as Early Sunday Morning (1930), often depicting isolated figures in bleak scenes from everyday urban life…
…(1749–1823), English physician, the pioneer of vaccination. Jenner deliberately infected people with small amounts of cowpox as he believed it would protect them from catching smallpox. The practice was eventually accepted throughout the world, leading to the widespread use of vaccination for other diseases and eventually to the eradication of smallpox in the late 20th century…
…(1884–1939), German-born American linguistics scholar and anthropologist. One of the founders of American structural linguistics, he carried out important research on American Indian languages and linguistic theory…
…(1908–2003), Hungarian-born American physicist. After moving to the US he worked on the first atomic reactor and the first atom bombs. Work under his guidance led to the detonation of the first hydrogen bomb in 1952…
…(1878–1917), English poet; full name Philip Edward Thomas. His work offers a sympathetic but unidealized depiction of rural English life, adapting colloquial speech rhythms to poetic metre…
…(1695–1755) British soldier. Commander in chief of the British forces in America, he died in action in western Pennsylvania…
…(1932-), US writer; full name Edward Morley Hoagland. His novels include Seven Rivers West (1986). He also wrote short stories such as those collected in The Final Fate of the Alligators (1992) and travel books, which include African Calliope (1979)…
…(1879–1973) US photographer; born in Luxembourg; born Eduard Jean Steichen. He is credited with transforming photography into an art form. He worked with Stieglitz in the early 1900s and then was chief photographer for Vogue and Vanity Fair 1923–38 and, from 1947 to 1962, the director of photography for New York City’s Museum of Modern Art…
…(1840–1911), English mountaineer. After seven attempts he finally succeeded in climbing the Matterhorn in 1865, but on the way down four of his fellow climbers fell to their deaths…
…(1900–79), British artist, best known as an illustrator and writer of children’s books; full name Edward Jeffrey Irving Ardizzone. He was appointed an official war artist in the Second World War…
…(1809–83), English scholar and poet. Notable works: The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám (translation, 1859)…
…(circa 870–924), son of Alfred the Great, king of Wessex 899–924. His military successes against the Danes made it possible for his son Athelstan to become the first king of all England in 925…
…(1857–1934), English composer; full name Sir Edward William Elgar. He is known particularly for the Enigma Variations (1899), the oratorio The Dream of Gerontius (1900), and for patriotic pieces such as the five Pomp and Circumstance marches (1901–30)…
…(1815–1901), British-born Australian explorer and colonial statesman. He undertook explorations in the interior deserts of Australia (1840-1) and later served as Lieutenant Governor of New Zealand and Governor of Jamaica…
…(1916–2005), British Conservative statesman, Prime Minister 1970-4; full name Sir Edward Richard George Heath. He negotiated Britain’s entry into the European Economic Community and faced problems caused by a marked increase in oil prices. Attempts to restrain wage rises led to widespread strikes and he lost a general election after a second national coal strike…
…(1908–65), US journalist; born Egbert Roscoe Murrow. He broadcast from London during the Blitz of World War II, ending each program with “Good night, and good luck.” He later created the radio series Hear It Now (1950–51) and the television series See It Now (1951–58). He was also well known for his television interview series Person to Person (1953–59)…
…(1935–2003), American critic, born in Palestine; full name Edward Wadi Said. He came to public notice with Orientalism (1978), a study of Western attitudes towards Eastern culture. Other notable works: Culture and Imperialism (1993)…
…(1914–95), American microbiologist. He developed the standard Salk vaccine against polio, using virus inactivated by formalin, in the early 1950s, and later became the director of the institute in San Diego that now bears his name…
…(1860–1937), US merchant. As the president of Wm. Filene & Sons, he brought about many innovations, including the bargain basement and charge accounts. In 1921, he helped to establish the Credit Union National Extension Bureau…
…(1822–1909), US clergyman, writer, and philanthropist. A Unitarian minister, he is best known for the story “The Man Without a Country” (1863)…
…an island in the Gulf of St Lawrence, in eastern Canada, the country’s smallest province; population 135,851 (2006); capital, Charlottetown. Explored by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and colonized by the French, it was ceded to the British in 1763. It became a province of Canada in 1873…
…(1893–1972), Romanian-born American actor; born Emanuel Goldenberg. He appeared in a number of gangster films in the 1930s, starting with Little Caesar (1930)…
…(1865–1930), US Supreme Court associate justice 1923–30. Appointed to the Court by President Harding, he was considered a liberal although he sometimes held more conservative views regarding civil rights…
…(1902–78), US architect. His notable designs include the Museum of Modern Art in New York City 1937–39; the US embassy in New Delhi, India 1954–58; and the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC 1964–69…
…(b.1928), American dramatist. He was initially associated with the Theatre of the Absurd, but Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962) marked a more naturalistic departure…
…(1881–1956), US industrialist. In 1927 he founded United Aircraft and Transport, which in 1934 was divided into Boeing Aircraft, United Aircraft, and United Airlines…
…(circa 963–78), son of Edgar, king of England 975-8. Edward was faced by a challenge for the throne from supporters of his half-brother, Ethelred, who eventually had him murdered at Corfe Castle in Dorset. Feast day, 18 March…
…(1886–1972), American biochemist. He isolated crystalline thyroxine from the thyroid gland, and from the adrenal cortex he obtained a number of steroid hormones, one of which was later named cortisone. Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (1950)…
…(1838–1923), American chemist. In 1887 he collaborated with Albert Michelson in an experiment to determine the speed of light, the result of which disproved the existence of the ether…
…(1800–82), English theologian. In 1833, while professor of Hebrew at Oxford, he founded the Oxford Movement, and became its leader after the withdrawal of John Henry Newman (1841). His many writings include a series of Tracts for the Times…
…(1720–88), son of James Stuart, pretender to the British throne; known as the Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie. He led the Jacobite uprising of 1745-6. However, he was driven back to Scotland and defeated at the Battle of Culloden (1746)…
… Jr. (1845–1921), US chief justice 1910–21. Before being appointed to the Court as an associate justice 1894–1910 by President Cleveland, he served as a US senator from Louisiana 1891–94. Appointed chief justice by President Taft, he was the first associate justice to go on to that higher post. He was noted for his work on antitrust legislation…
…(b.1929), American social biologist. He has worked principally on social insects, extrapolating his findings to the social behaviour of other animals including humans…
…(1833–98), English painter and designer; full name Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones. His work, which included tapestry and stained-glass window designs, reflected his interest in medieval and literary themes and is typical of the later Pre-Raphaelite style…
…(circa 1003–66), son of Ethelred the Unready, king of England 1042–66. Famed for his piety, Edward founded Westminster Abbey, where he was eventually buried. Feast day, 13 October…
…(1892–1965), English physicist. He discovered a region of ionized gases (the Appleton layer) in the atmosphere above the Heaviside or E layer, and won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1947…
…(1902–73), English anthropologist; full name Sir Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard. He is noted for his studies of the Azande and Nuer peoples of Sudan, with whom he lived in the 1920s and 1930s…
…(died 1718), English pirate; real name Edward Teach. Originally a privateer during the War of the Spanish Succession 1701–14, he turned to piracy and concentrated on the West Indies and the Virginia-North Carolina coast of America…
…(1609–74), English statesman and historian, chief adviser to Charles II and Chancellor of Oxford University 1660-7; born Edward Hyde. Notable works: History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England (published posthumously 1702-4)…
