…forming adjectives from names of countries or regions in the Near or Middle East…
…a connecting vowel chiefly forming words ending in -ana, -ferous, -fic, -form, -fy, -gerous, -vorous…
…(in metaphysics) the subject or object of self-consciousness; the ego…
…the chemical element of atomic number 53, a non-metallic element forming black crystals and a violet vapour…
…a children’s game in which one player specifies the first letter of an object they can see, the other players then having to guess the identity of this object…
…(1895–1961), Albanian statesman and ruler, Prime Minister 1922-4, President 1925-8, and king 1928–39; full name Ahmed Bey Zogu. He initially headed a republican government, proclaiming himself king in 1928. His autocratic rule resulted in relative political stability, but when the country was invaded by Italy in 1939 he went into exile. He abdicated in 1946 after Albania became a Communist state…
…a child’s expression used to make a claim to something…
…a monotheistic religion founded in the 19th century as a development of Babism, emphasizing the essential oneness of humankind and of all religions and seeking world peace. The Baha’i faith was founded by the Persian Baha’ullah (1817–92) and his son Abdul Baha (1844–1921)…
…a technology that allows data to be transferred to and from Internet sites via mobile phones…
…(of a personal relationship, especially one with God) formed by personal encounter…
…(circa 581–644), Muslim caliph 634–44. He conquered Syria, Palestine, and Egypt…
…(912–73), king of the Germans 936–73, Holy Roman emperor 962–73; known as Otto the Great. As king of the Germans he carried out a policy of eastward expansion and as Holy Roman emperor he established a presence in Italy to rival that of the papacy…
…used after direct speech in reporting someone’s part in a conversation…
…an ancient Chinese manual of divination based on eight symbolic trigrams and sixty-four hexagrams, interpreted in terms of the principles of yin and yang. It was included as one of the ‘five classics’ of Confucianism…
…(1326–82), king of Hungary 1342–82 and of Poland 1370–82; known as Louis the Great. Under his rule Hungary became a powerful state; he fought two successful wars against Venice (1357-8; 1378–81), and the rulers of Serbia, Wallachia, Moldavia, and Bulgaria became his vassals…
…(1259–1326), Turkish conqueror, founder of the Ottoman (Osmanli) dynasty and empire. Osman reigned as sultan of the Seljuk Turks from 1288, conquering NW Asia Minor. He assumed the title of emir in 1299…
…(1672–1725), tsar of Russia 1682–1725; known as Peter the Great. Peter modernized his armed forces before waging the Great Northern War (1700–21) and expanding his territory in the Baltic. His extensive administrative reforms were instrumental in transforming Russia into a significant European power. In 1703 he made the new city of St Petersburg his capital…
…a mountainous volcanic island in the SW Pacific, the largest of the Samoan islands…
…(d.1014), king of Denmark circa 985–1014; known as Sweyn Forkbeard. From 1003 he launched a series of attacks on England, finally driving Ethelred the Unready to flee to Normandy at the end of 1013. Sweyn then became king of England but died five weeks later…
…used to indicate that one believes something is probable…
…(circa 550–486 bc), king of Persia 521–486 bc; known as Darius the Great. After a revolt by the Greek cities in Ionia (499–494 bc) he invaded Greece but was defeated at Marathon (490 bc)…
…(circa 1010–40), king of Scotland 1034–40. He was killed in battle by Macbeth…
…(1494–1547), king of France 1515–47. Much of his reign (1521–44) was spent at war with Charles V of Spain. He supported the arts and commissioned new buildings, including the Louvre…
…(d.858), king of Scotland circa 844–58; known as Kenneth MacAlpin. He is traditionally viewed as the founder of the kingdom of Scotland, which was established following his defeat of the Picts in about 844…
…(1790–1865), first king of Belgium 1831–65. The fourth son of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Leopold was an uncle of Queen Victoria. In 1830 he refused the throne of Greece, but a year later accepted that of the newly independent Belgium…
…used for emphasis, especially so as to reassure, encourage, or threaten someone…
…used to express the speaker’s certainty about something…
…(1797–1888), king of Prussia 1861–88 and emperor of Germany 1871–88. He became the first emperor of Germany after Prussia’s victory against France in 1871. The latter part of his reign was marked by the rise of German socialism, to which he responded with harsh, repressive measures…
…(1143–1214), grandson of David I, king of Scotland 1165–1214; known as William the Lion. He attempted to reassert Scottish independence but was forced to pay homage to Henry II of England after being captured by him in 1174…
…(1533–84), prince of the House of Orange, first stadtholder (chief magistrate) of the United Provinces of the Netherlands 1572–84; known as William the Silent. He led a revolt against Spain from 1568 and was assassinated by a Spanish agent…
…(circa 519–465 bc), son of Darius I, king of Persia 486–465. His invasion of Greece achieved victories in 480 at Artemisium and Thermopylae, but defeats at Salamis (480) and Plataea (479) forced him to withdraw…
