the theory, put forward by James Lovelock, that living matter on the earth collectively defines and regulates the material conditions necessary for the continuance of life. The planet, or rather the biosphere, is thus likened to a vast self-regulating organism
(b.1919), English scientist; full name James Ephraim Lovelock. He is best known for the Gaia hypothesis, first presented by him in 1972 and discussed in several popular books, including Gaia (1979)