a bacterium commonly found in the intestines of humans and other animals, some strains of which can cause severe food poisoning
belonging to a group of rod-shaped bacteria typified by E. coli
denoting the ability of normal strains of the bacterium E. coli to metabolize lactose, or the genetic factors involved in this ability (which is lost in some mutant strains)
a toxin produced by the bacterium Shigella dysenteriae, or a similar one produced by E. coli, causing dysentery in humans