…(849–99), king of Wessex 871–899; known as Alfred the Great. His military resistance saved southwestern England from Viking occupation…
…a US song-and-dance comedy trio. The act, developed in 1925, consisted of the Joachim brothers Alfred (1901–65), Jimmy (1904–85), and Harry (1907–86). They appeared in such movies as Sing, Baby, Sing (1936), On the Avenue (1937), and Kentucky Moonshine (1938). After 1965, Jimmy and Harry performed as a duo until 1978…
…(1870–1937), Austrian psychologist and psychiatrist. Adler disagreed with Freud’s idea that mental illness was caused by sexual conflicts in infancy, arguing that society and culture were significant factors. He introduced the concept of the inferiority complex…
…(1857–1911), French psychologist. He devised a mental age scale that described performance in relation to the average performance of students of the same physical age. With psychiatrist Théodore Simon (1873–1961), he was responsible for a pioneering system of intelligence tests…
…(1856–1919), Australian Liberal statesman, Prime Minister 1903-4, 1905-8, and 1909–10…
…(1873–1907), French playwright. His satirical farce Ubu Roi (1896) anticipated surrealism and the Theater of the Absurd…
…(1894–1956), US zoologist and sex researcher; full name Alfred Charles Kinsey. He carried out pioneering studies on sexual behavior by interviewing large numbers of people. His best-known work, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948, also known as the Kinsey Report), was controversial but highly influential…
…(1812–87), German arms manufacturer. His company was a major arms producer for Germany from the 1840s through the end of World War II…
…(1953-), British actor. Notable films include Enchanted April (1992), Chocolat (2000), and Frida (2002). He received a Tony nomination for his performance in Broadway’s Fiddler on the Roof (2004)…
…(1755–1810), US Supreme Court associate justice 1799–1804. A native of North Carolina, he was appointed to the Court by President John Adams…
…(1839–99), French painter, of English descent. He is chiefly remembered for his impressionist paintings of the countryside around Paris in the 1870s…
…(1866–1919), Swiss chemist, born in France. He showed that stereochemistry was general to the whole of chemistry and was a pioneer in the study of coordination compounds. Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1913)…
…(1859–1935), French army officer. In 1894, he was falsely accused of providing military secrets to the Germans; his trial and imprisonment caused a major political crisis in France. He was eventually fully exonerated in 1906…
… 1st Baron Tennyson of Aldworth and Freshwater (1809–92), English poet; poet laureate from 1850. His reputation was established by In Memoriam (1850), a long poem concerned with immortality, change, and evolution. Other notable works: “The Charge of the Light Brigade” (1854) and Idylls of the King (1859)…
…(1898–1995), US photojournalist; born in Dirschau, Germany (now part of Poland). He was one of the original photographers for Life magazine 1936–72…
…(1864–1946), US photographer; husband of Georgia O’Keeffe. He pioneered the establishment of photography as a fine art in the US. He gained an international reputation in the 1890s when he experimented with such innovations as night-time photography…
…(1830–1905), English architect. His designs include the Manchester Assize courts (1859) and Town Hall (1869–77), and the Natural History Museum in London (1873–81)…
…(1892–1984) US publisher; full name Alfred Abraham Knopf. He founded Alfred A. Knopf, a publishing firm, in 1915…
…(1899–1980), English movie director; full name Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock. Acclaimed in Britain for movies such as The Thirty-Nine Steps (1935), he moved to Hollywood in 1939. Among his later works, notable for their suspense and their technical ingenuity, are the thrillers Strangers on a Train (1951), Psycho (1960), and The Birds (1963)…
…(1873–1944), US politician. He served as governor of New York 1919–20 and 1923–28 and was a Democratic presidential candidate in 1928, losing to Republican Herbert Hoover…
… Comte de (1797–1863), French poet, novelist, and playwright. His poetry reveals his faith in “man’s unconquerable mind.”…
…(1833–96), Swedish chemist, engineer, and philanthropist. He invented dynamite in 1866, making a large fortune that enabled him to endow the prizes that bear his name…
…(1880–1930), German meteorologist and geologist. He was the first serious proponent of the theory of continental drift…
…(1861–1947), English philosopher and mathematician. He is remembered chiefly for Principia Mathematica (1910–13), on which he collaborated with his student Bertrand Russell…
…(1914–2006), US physicist. He used balloons and rockets to study cosmic radiation in the upper atmosphere and showed that specific zones of high radiation were the result of charged particles from the solar wind being trapped in two belts around the earth…
…Al (1939-), Bobby’s brother; full name Alfred Unser. Indy 500 champion 1970, 1971, 1978, 1987…
…(1865–1922), British newspaper proprietor; born Alfred Charles William Harmsworth. He built up a large newspaper empire, including The Times, the Daily Mail, and the Daily Mirror…
…Al (1939-), Bobby’s brother; full name Alfred Unser. Indy 500 champion 1970, 1971, 1978, 1987…
…(1888–1918) US poet; full name Alfred Joyce Kilmer. He was killed in action during World War I. His poetry is collected in Summer of Love (1911) and Trees and Other Poems (1914)…
…(1925–92), English comedian; born Alfred Hawthorne. His risqué humor, as seen in the series The Benny Hill Show (1957–66), had an international appeal…
…(1887–1987), US politician; full name Alfred Mossman Landon. The governor of Kansas 1933–37, he was the unsuccessful Republican presidential candidate in 1936, losing to Franklin D. Roosevelt…
…(1936–2007), US track and field athlete; full name Alfred Adolf Oerter, Jr. He established an Olympic record for consecutive gold medals, winning the discus throw in the four Olympic games from 1956 to 1968…
…(849–99), king of Wessex 871–899; known as Alfred the Great. His military resistance saved southwestern England from Viking occupation…
…(1910–89), English philosopher; full name Alfred Jules Ayer. He was an important proponent of logical positivism. Notable works: Language, Truth, and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956)…
…(1916–1995), English short-story writer and veterinary surgeon; pseudonym of James Alfred Wight. His experiences as a veterinarian inspired a series of stories including All Creatures Great and Small (1972)…
…(1888–1918) US poet; full name Alfred Joyce Kilmer. He was killed in action during World War I. His poetry is collected in Summer of Love (1911) and Trees and Other Poems (1914)…
…(1940-), US movie actor; full name Alfred James Pacino. Notable movies: The Godfather (1972), Serpico (1973), The Godfather Part II (1974), Scarface (1983), Scent of a Woman (1992), Carlito’s Way (1993), and Ocean’s Thirteen (2007)…
…(1884–1946), US author and journalist; full name Alfred Damon Runyon. His short stories about New York City’s underworld characters are written in a highly individual style with much use of colorful slang. His collection Guys and Dolls (1932) formed the basis for the musical of the same name (1950)…
…Al, Jr. (1962-), Al’s son; full name Alfred Unser, Jr. Indy 500 champion 1992, 1994…
…(1909–79), US cartoonist; born Alfred Gerald Caplin. He was noted for his satirical comic strip “Li’l Abner,” which appeared in North American newspapers from 1934 to 1977…
…(1908–2004), British journalist and broadcaster; in the US from 1937; full name Alfred Alistair Cooke. His BBC broadcasts of “Letter from America” began in 1946 and continued until shortly before his death. He hosted Omnibus on CBS 1952–60 and Masterpiece Theatre on PBS 1971–92…
…(1859–1936), English poet and classical scholar; full name Alfred Edward Housman. He is chiefly remembered for his poems collected in A Shropshire Lad (1896)…
…(1894–1956), US zoologist and sex researcher; full name Alfred Charles Kinsey. He carried out pioneering studies on sexual behavior by interviewing large numbers of people. His best-known work, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948, also known as the Kinsey Report), was controversial but highly influential…
…(1923-), US statesman and diplomat; born in Germany; secretary of state 1973–77; full name Henry Alfred Kissinger. In 1973, he helped to negotiate the withdrawal of US troops from South Vietnam, and later headed the commission investigating the attacks of September 11. His numerous trips to foster Middle East negotiations led to the term “shuttle diplomacy.” Nobel Peace Prize (1973)…
…(1892–1984) US publisher; full name Alfred Abraham Knopf. He founded Alfred A. Knopf, a publishing firm, in 1915…
…(1887–1987), US politician; full name Alfred Mossman Landon. The governor of Kansas 1933–37, he was the unsuccessful Republican presidential candidate in 1936, losing to Franklin D. Roosevelt…
…(1920–99), English footballer and manager; full name Alfred Ernest Ramsey. He played as a defender for Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and England, and managed England from 1963 to 1974, winning the World Cup in 1966…
…(1925–66), US comedian; born Leonard Alfred Schneider. He gained notoriety for flouting the bounds of respectability with his humor and was imprisoned for obscenity in 1961. In 1963, he was refused entry to Britain and banned in Australia…
…(1907–86), US actor; born in Wales; born Reginald Alfred John-Truscott-Jones. His many movies include The Lost Weekend (1945), A Life of Her Own (1950), and Dial M for Murder (1954)…
