oligodendrocytePronunciation: /ˌɒlɪgə(ʊ)ˈdɛndrəsʌɪt/Definition of oligodendrocyte noun Anatomy a glial cell similar to an astrocyte but with fewer protuberances, concerned with the production of myelin in the central nervous system. Origin: 1930s: from oligodendroglia + -cyteoligodendrocyte in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of oligodendrocyte in the US English dictionary