ArtaxerxesPronunciation: /ˌɑːtəˈzəːksiːz/Definition of Artaxerxes the name of three kings of ancient Persia: Artaxerxes I son of Xerxes I, reigned 464–424 bc. Artaxerxes II son of Darius II, reigned 404–358 bc. Artaxerxes III son of Artaxerxes II, reigned 358–338 bc.