despotism

 
Pronunciation: /ˈdɛspətɪz(ə)m/

noun

[mass noun]
  • the exercise of absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way: the ideology of enlightened despotism
  • [count noun] a country or political system where the ruler holds absolute power: some nations are democracies, others are despotisms

Origin:

early 18th century: from French despotisme, from despote (see despot)