lithology Syllabification: (li·thol·o·gy)Pronunciation: /liˈTHäləjē/Definition of lithology noun the study of the general physical characteristics of rocks. Compare with petrology. the general physical characteristics of a rock or the rocks in a particular area:the lithology of South DakotaDerivatives lithologicPronunciation: /ˌliTHəˈläjik/ adjective lithologicalPronunciation: /ˌliTHəˈläjikəl/ adjective lithologicallyPronunciation: /ˌliTHəˈläjik(ə)lē/ adverb lithology in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of lithology in the British & World English dictionary