Valerian Syllabification: (Va·le·ri·an)Pronunciation: /vəˈli(ə)rēən/Definition of Valerian (died 260), Roman emperor 253–260; Latin name Publius Licinius Valerianius. He renewed the persecution of the Christians that was initiated by Decius. Valerian in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of Valerian in the British & World English dictionary