Sartre, Jean-Paul Syllabification: (Sar·tre, Jean-Paul)Pronunciation: /ˈsärt(rə)/Definition of Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905–80), French philosopher, novelist, playwright, and critic. A leading existentialist, he dealt with the nature of human life and the structures of consciousness. He refused the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1964. Sartre, Jean-Paul in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of Sartre, Jean-Paul in the British & World English dictionary