Petronius, Gaius Syllabification: (Pe·tro·ni·us, Gaius)Pronunciation: /piˈtrōnēəs/Definition of Petronius, Gaius (died ad 66), Roman writer; known as Petronius Arbiter. He is generally accepted as the author of the Satyricon, a work in prose and verse satirizing the excesses of Roman society. Petronius, Gaius in other Oxford dictionaries Definition of Petronius, Gaius in the British & World English dictionary